Medical, Drugs, Pharmaceuticals And Diseases Information

Metolazone is a diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of the thiazide diuretics even though it does not contain a thiazide ring system. Metalazone is available under brand names  Zaroxolyn and Mykrox. It is mainly  used to treat congestive heart failure and high blood pressure.

Metolazone is used in the treatment edema,  including that associated with heart failure and for hypertension. For edema usual dose is 5 to 10mg, in some cases doses of 20mg or more but nor more than 80mg to be given in 24 hrs.For  Hypertension:- 2.5 to 5 mg daily either alone or with other anti hypertensives.

Metolazone aggravates  hypersensitivity to other thiazides and sulfonamide derivatives. It is contraindicated in  anuria, hepatic coma, severe renal and hepatic dysfunction, refractory hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia, symptomatic hyperuricaemia and Addison’s disease.

Metolazone  Drug Interactions: In drugs like Furosemide, ACE inhibitors and  glibendamide. Preacaustiosn should be taken while using Metolazone in cases of  Diabetes mellitus; gout; electrolyte,disturbances; lupus erythematosus; hepatic and renal impairment;

Side effects on using Metolazone (zaroxolyn ) include dizziness, headache, or heart arrhythmias (palpitations).The  Serious, though rare, side effects include aplastic anemia, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, and angioedema. Metolazone, like other thiazide diuretics, may unmask latent diabetes mellitus or exacerbate gout, especially by interacting with medicines used to treat gout.

Nebivolol available from Mylan Laboratories under brand name Nebilet is a lipophilic beta 1 blocker drug . It exerts its actions by exhibiting a high selectivity for p-adrenergic receptors and also by reducing the peripheral vascular resistance by modulating NO release. It is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilizing activity but appears to have nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator effects.

Nebivolol is used mainly for hypertension and high blood pressure. Dosage is typically 5mg once daily taken with or without food, preferably at a fixed time in a day. A reduced starting dose of 2.5mg (with upward titration where necessary) is recommended in the elderly and in patients with renal insufficiency.

Contraindications of Nebivolol: Use of the drug in children and patients with hepatic insufficiency is not recommended. Side-effects of Nebivolol include Headache, fatigue, paraesthesias and dizziness.

Esmolol drip is a cardiovascular system medicine used in the treatment of Supraventricular, tachycardia, perioperative tachycardia and hypertension. It is rapid Acting Blood Pressure Medicine

Esmolol hcl is a beta 1-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent available under brand name of Brevibloc. It can rapidly control ventricular rate.

The normal dosage is 500 mcg/kg/min for 1 min, in case of Perioptachy-1000 meg/kg within 30 sees. Maintenance - for SVT & perioptachycardia: Initiate with 50 mcg/kg/min for 4 mins increasing maximum up to 300 mcg/kg/min. Every increment of 50 meg/ kg/min in maintenance should be preceded by the same loading dose.

Contra indication of Esmolol includes sinus bradycardia, heart block, cardiogenic shock or overt heart failure. Special precaution has to be taken for use in pregnancy, nursing mothers, and in children. Side effects of esmolol include hypotension, dizziness, headache, confusion, fatigue, paresthesia, asthenia, depression, anxiety, anorexia and bronchospasm. No significant drug interaction is seen with with digoxin, warfarin and morphine.

Labetalol is a beta blocker group of drugs and is unique among adrenergic blockers as it blocks the adregenic receptors thereby decreasing blood pressure, heart beat rate and vascular resistance. Labetalol   is   orally   effective   and   undergoes considerable first pass metabolism.

Labetalol is used for treatment of all grades of hypertension and especially useful in pheochromocytoma and clonidine withdrawal hypertension.

The typical dosage can be started with 50mg twice daily and increased at fortnightly intervals to 100-200mg twice daily. Usual dose being  labetalol 400 mg daily for those with predisposition to  bronchospasm,   right ventricular   failure, and secondary   to   pulmonary  hypertension.  Special precautions to be taken while using labetalol in cases of sinus bradycardia shock, pregnancy, lactation and anesthesia with agents producing myocardial depression.  Common side effects of labetalol include abrupt withdrawal, diabetes, cardiac failure, hyperthyroidism, postural hypotension, eye and skin reaction, liver dysfunction, failure of ejaculation in males, headache, angina, jaundice, dreams, nightmares.

The commonly available brand names of Labetalol are Normodyne and  Trandate.