Special precautions: while administering Bisoprolol should be taken in case of poor L.V function, bronchial asthma, diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, M.I, severe renal impairment and abrupt withdrawal. Bisoprolol is not recommended for children and is not recommended in pregnancy as safety is not established. During lactation it has to be used with caution also caustion advised for elderly.
. Side effects of Bisoprolol include giddiness, headache, fatigue, bradycardia, nausea, dyspnoea, sleep disturbances, cold extremities, and reduced libido.
Drug Interactions of Bisoprolol: It enhances the action of anesthetic agents, clonidine, calcium antagonists, hypoglycemic agents & NSAIDs. Rifampicin cause
Reduction in plasma concentration & elimination.
Labetalol is a beta blocker group of drugs and is unique among adrenergic blockers as it blocks the adregenic receptors thereby decreasing blood pressure, heart beat rate and vascular resistance. Labetalol is orally effective and undergoes considerable first pass metabolism.
Labetalol is used for treatment of all grades of hypertension and especially useful in pheochromocytoma and clonidine withdrawal hypertension.
The typical dosage can be started with 50mg twice daily and increased at fortnightly intervals to 100-200mg twice daily. Usual dose being labetalol 400 mg daily for those with predisposition to bronchospasm, right ventricular failure, and secondary to pulmonary hypertension. Special precautions to be taken while using labetalol in cases of sinus bradycardia shock, pregnancy, lactation and anesthesia with agents producing myocardial depression. Common side effects of labetalol include abrupt withdrawal, diabetes, cardiac failure, hyperthyroidism, postural hypotension, eye and skin reaction, liver dysfunction, failure of ejaculation in males, headache, angina, jaundice, dreams, nightmares.
Metoprolol is a beta blocker type of drug. It is the prototype of cardio selective blockers. It blocks cardiac stimulation similar to propranolol but is less likely to worsen asthma. But Metoprolol is not entirely safe. It may also be preferred to propranolol in diabetics receiving insulin or oral hypoglycaemics.It is used for the treatment of Hypertension, angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction.
It is available under the brand names Lopressor -metoprolol tartrate and Toprol XL - metoprolol Succinate from Mylan . Other brand or generic formulations of this medication may also be available.
Adults are administered 100-200 mg in two divided doses for Children: 1-5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. Metoprolol is contra indicated in Bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, 2nd or 3rd degree A.V. block, cardiac failure. Verapamil therapy and Asthma/COPD. Special Precautions should be taken during General anaesthesia, pregnancy and reduced cardiac reserve. In Pregnanant women Metoprolol May effect the foetus and during Lactation: it may pass in breast milk. Hence use only if clearly indicated.
Side-effects of Metoprolol inlcude headache, nightmares, hypotension, eye and skin reactions. The Drugs that interact are: Cimetidine which potentiate metoprolol and it has negative ionotropic effect with general anesthetics. Bioavailability is increased by food and there is enhancement of antihypertensive effect with diuretics and vasodilators. Metoprolol is very useful in combination with digitalis.
Metoprolol is available under the brand names Lopressor and Toprol XL. Other brand or generic formulations of this medication may also be available.
DIGOXIN is a CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES type of drug. It has direct effects on myocardial contractility and electrophysiological conduction properties i.e. 1. Negative chronotropic effect (Reduces heart rate & A.V. conduction). 2. Positive inotropic effect i.e. there is a dose dependent increase in force of contraction of myocardium. The above two effects thereby make it an ideal drug for treatment of cardiac failure of diverse aetiologies without increasing the oxygen demand of the failing myocardium. There is also a mild direct vasoconstrictor action thereby increasing peripheral resistance mildly. Diuresis is seen promptly in C.H.F. patients owing to improved renal perfusion which was previously compromised but at times an addition of diuretic may be considered to improve the patients hypoxic and hypervolemic condition rapidly if need arises.
Contra-lndicatlons of DIGOXIN : Hypokalemia, ventricular tachycardia, partial A.V. block, acute myocarditis. Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Special Precautions has to be taken in Elderly, renal or severe hepatic disease, myocardial infarction and thyrotoxi-cosis patients.
Common Side-effects that can be expected with DIGOXIN are Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, ab¬dominal pain, fatigue, headache, mental confusion, restlessness.
PROPRANOLOL is a BETA BLOCKERS group of medicines for heart ailments. It decreases heart rate, force of contraction & cardiac output. On prolonged administration BP gradually falls in hypertensives but not in normotensives.
Contra-lndicatlons of PROPRANOLOL are Obstructive COPD like asthma. Partial or complete heart block, C.H.F. Acute M.I. Cardiogenic shock and those taking Digitalis & verapamil therapy.
Special Precautions have to be taken while taking PROPRANOLOL in Impaired renal & hepatic functions, pregnancy, cardiac failure. Myocardial insufficiency and reduced cardiac reserve. Side-effects include Tiredness, lack of drive, G.I. upsets, nightmares, forgetfulness, rare cases of hallucinations, muscle fatigue.
PROPRANOLOL can interact with other drugs and can cause Hypertension & bradycardia with adrenaline, reduced heart rate & output with anaesthetic agents. Also Severe bradycardia may occur with digitalis and calcium channel blockers. PROPRANOLOL causes elevated blood levels with cimetidine .
In the Eastern world, a compound known as Shilajit (silajit) has a history of use as a folk remedy for various disorders, including genito-urinary diseases, diabetes, gall stones, jaundice, enlarged spleen, fermentative dyspepsia, worms, digestive disorders, piles, epilepsy, nervous disorders, eczema, anaemia, anorexia, asthma etc. Shilajit extract has also been used as a tonic to help retain youthful vigour. Shilajit has been administered either by itself or in combination with certain other ayurvedic (herbal) medicines.
Over the past 50 years or so, scientists have become increasingly aware of biomagnetic energy which involves the electromagnetic energy generated by living cells, as well as subtle energetic fields, which interpenetrate and surround living organisms.
Vibrational medicine treats the human body by integrating and balancing the energetic systems which influence cellular patterns of manifestation. The basis for vibrational medicine is the finding that a series of interacting subtle energy systems help regulate cellular physiology. According to the theory of vibrational medicine, a person's body tends to resonate with one dominant energetic vibration and, when weakened or shifted from equilibrium, the body tends to oscillate at a different and less harmonious frequency. These imbalances can lead to dysfunction, and the restoration of balance assists the organism to regain its normal functioning. Anything which helps the body rebalance and/or restore the intensity of its energy can thus have a positive effect on health.
Acupuncture, acupressure, and electroacupressure are examples of therapies which help to restore energetic balance. The techniques rely on influencing and balancing patterns of energy which express through meridians, or microtubular channels, which carry subtle energy to the various organs and tissues of the body.
Other therapies which have been used to restore energetic balance and/or energetic intensity include magnetotherapy, ultrasonic therapy and homeopathy. Each of these techniques works by precipitating change in energy fields, which in turn stimulates change at the physical level. In homeopathy, a person ingests an extremely dilute solution of a substance, often so dilute that no molecules of the original substance remain. It appears that the energetic frequency of the substance, serves as the active part of the homeopathic remedy. Shilajit is a natural exudate ejected from rocks during hot weather in the lower Himalayas, Vindhya and other mountain tracts and Nepal, or it may be a tar formed in the earth from the decomposition of vegetable substances. It is a compact mass of vegetable organic matter, composed of a gummy matrix interspersed with vegetable fibres and minerals. Substances which have been identified in Shilajit extract include moisture, gums, albuminoids, calcium, potassium, nitrogen, silica, resin, vegetable matter, magnesium, sulphur, iron, chloride, phosphorous, iodine, glycosides, tannic acid, and a number of vitamins and enzymes. Shilajit also contains benzoic acid, a compound which, along with its derivatives, has been used as a component of nutritional vitamin and mineral preparations.
It has been found that Shilajit over and above its nutritional and herbal content has novel energetic properties. Measurement of subtle energy changes indicate that Shilajit has a vibratory field that is substantially stronger than any vitamin, mineral, food substance or herb. Its vibratory field is also stronger than the vibratory fields of any of the known ingredients which make up Shilajit, when these ingredients are tested as pure substances from non-Shilajit sources.
It was also surprisingly found that when a small amount of Shilajit is added to a vitamin or mineral preparation, the energetic properties of the vitamin or mineral preparation are enhanced. In particular the addition of a small amount of Shilajit to a vitamin or mineral preparation increases the energy field of the entire preparation to at or near the vibratory level of pure Shilajit.
The addition of Shilajit to vitamin or mineral preparations imparts to the preparations an energetic quality above and beyond their nutritional content. As well, the energetic quality of Shilajit-fortified vitamin and mineral preparations support or enhance a user's bioenergetic field.
Uses of Shilajit: The Super Supplement For Rejuvenation
Rejuvenating changes in one's body can be initiated and effected by nutrition, herbs and herbo-minerals. Aging and its associated problems are a degenerative disease, which, however, is preventable and treatable. The aging process involves the action of highly reactive free radicals, produced systemically, which interact with other cellular compounds and produce oxidative damages and eventually kills cells and tissues and impairs the immune function of the organism. Such free radical damage accumulates and increases with age, creating degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, cardiovascular, arthritis, cancer and over a hundred other diseases.
DNA, the cellular building block of the body, is very sensitive to oxidative stress. Although repairs to damaged DNA are constantly being made, the cell's mechanism cannot keep up with the number of mutations that occur in the organism, particularly in the aged. Mitochondria, the part of the cell that is responsible for producing cellular energy, has its own DNA, but it does not have a repair mechanism to give it protection against free radical induced damage. The mutation of mitochondrial DNA therefore produces a greater adverse effect than DNA mutation elsewhere in the system. Researchers in recent years have shown that certain individual natural supplements, such as omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and metabolites thereof, oxygenated dibenzo-.alpha.-pyrones, and their O-acylesters, as well as hydroxyacetophenones and alpha lipoic acids, can protect against oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA.
Accordingly, it is desired in this invention to provide a purified composition of bioactive agents to protect the body against free radical damage.
Native shilajit is a blackish-brown exudation, of variable consistencies, obtained from steep rocks of different formations found in the Himalayas at altitudes between 1000-5000 m, from Arunachal Pradesh in the East, to Kashmir in the West. Shilajit also is found in other mountain ranges of the world, e.g. Afganisthan (Hindukush, Badakh-Shan), Australia (Northern Pollock Ranges), and in the former USSR (Tien-Shan, Pamir, Caucasus, Ural). Native shilajit is believed to arrest aging and also produce rejuvenation, two important attributes of an Ayurvedic rasayan medicine. Considerable controversy, however, has existed in the literature concerning the nature and chemical character of shilajit. It has been variously described as a bitumen (asphalt), a mineral resin, a plant fossil, a substance of mixed plant and animal origin, or an inorganic substance.
Generally, native shilajit contains two classes of organic compounds, namely, (a) humic substances and (b) non-humic organic metabolites. Humic substances are the the major organic constituents of native shilajit, present in an amount of about 80-85% therein, and have molecular weights ranging from several thousands for humic acids (HAs), and up to several million for polymeric humins (HMs), to only a few hundred for its fulvic acid (FAs) component. These substances also are found in soils and sediments distributed over the earth's surface, occurring in almost all terrestrial and aquatic environments. Humic substances are produced by the interactions of plants, algae, and mosses (bryophtes), with microorganisms, by a process known as humification. Humification of latex- and resin-bearing plants is primarily responsible for the production of the water-soluble humic substances.
The non-humic substances of shilajit are low molecular weight (M.sub.w) compounds of plant and microbial origin, occurring in and around shilajit bearing rocks. The remaining non-humic organic masses in shilajit comprise a mixture of low M.sub.w aromatic, aliphatic alicyclic, and heterocyclic (N- and S-containing) compounds. Of particular biological interest are low M.sub.w oxygenated dibenzo-.alpha.-pyrones (DBP) and hydroxyacetophenones (HAPs).
The biological effects of shilajit are believed to be due to the two distinct classes of bioactive compounds: (i) DBPs, both mono- and bis-compounds thereof, in free and metal-ion conjugated forms; and (ii) fulvic acids (FAs) from shilajit-humic substances, which function as a carrier for the bioactive DBPs.
The principal pharmacological action of glyceryl trinitrate is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, producing a vasodilator effect on both peripheral arteries and veins with more prominent effects on the latter. Dilation of the post-capillary vessels, including large veins, promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end diastolic blood pressure. The Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure. The mechanism by which glyceryl trinitrate relieves angina prectoris is not fully understood. Myocardial oxygen consumption or demand is decreased by both the arterial and venous effects of glyceryl trinitrate and a more favorable supply-demand ratio is achieved. Therapeutic doses of glyceryl trinitrate may reduce systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Effective coronary perfusion pressure is usually maintained, but can be compromised if blood pressure falls excessively or increased heart rate decreases diastolic filling time. Elevated central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance are also reduced by glyceryl trinitrate therapy. Heart rate is usually slightly increased, presumably a reflex response to the fall in blood pressure. Cardiac index may be increased, decreased, or remain unchanged. Patients with elevated left ventricular filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance values in conjunction with a depressed cardiac index are likely to experience an improvement in cardiac index . On the other hand, when filling pressures and cardiac index are normal, cardiac index may be slightly reduced.
Nitrocin lingual spray is indicated for acute relief of an attack or prophylaxis of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. At the onset of an attack of angina pectoris, one or two metered sprays (0.4mg) of Nitrocin Lingual Spray should be administered onto or under the tongue without inhaling. The optimal dosage may be repeated approximately every 5 minutes as needed. No more than 3 metered sprays are recommended within a 15 minute period. Dosage must be individualized & should be sufficient to provide relief. If chest pain persists after a total of 3 spray, prompt medical attention is recommended. Nitrocin lingual spray may be used prophylactically 5 to 10 minutes before engaging in activities that might precipitate an acute attack. Such as climbing stairs, going outdoors in cold weather or having sex.
Priming the Container: Nitrocin Lingual Spray should be primed prior to the first use. Before using this medication, the spray should be primed by spraying once into the air, away from oneself & others or towards the floor. It should be re-primed with one spray if it is not used within 6 weeks.
During use the patients should rest, ideally in the supine or sitting position. The container should be held vertically with the valve head uppermost and the spray orifice as close to the mouth as possible. Pressure on the spray head will release a single dose of 0.4mg glyceryl trinitrate. The dose should preferably be sprayed into the mouth on or under the tongue by pressing the button firmly and the mouth should be closed immediately after each dose. The spray should not be inhaled. Patients should be instructed to familiarize themselves with the position of the spray orifice. Which can be identified by the finger rest on top of the valve can identify, in order to facilitate orientation for administration at night.
Methyl cobalamin is the neurologically active form of Vitamin B12. Methyl cobalamin is the only neuro active form of Vitamin B12 which is 130-150 times more potent than other forms. It helps in the formation of myelin sheath, promotes growth and regeneration of nerve cells. It is a cofactor in the enzyme methionine synthetase which functions to transfer methyl groups for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine.
Pyridoxine: Pyridoxine has anti neurotoxin and anti peripheral neuropathy activity. It can also inhibit oxygen free radical production & combined with vitamin B12 and folic acid have been shown to reduce homocysteine concentrations by recycling it back to methionine or converting it into cysteine or glutathione.
Folic Acid: It helps the body build and maintain DNA and is important in helping the body make new cells. It lowers homocysteine levels and might reduce the risk of vascular disease (cardiac, peripheral, or cerebral).
INDICATIONS : The combination of methyl cobalamine, pyridoxine and folic acid is used in treatment of Peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, hyperhomocysteinemia and neuropathy associated with orthopedic conditions.
Levofloxacin is a highly efficient and trusted 3rd generation fluoroquinoloneantibiotic. It is the optically active L-isomer of ofloxacin. Its antimicrobial activity is almost 10 times greater than that of the corresponding D-isomer. This antibiotic has been developed to take advantage of anti bacterial potency while requiring only about half the usual dose of ofloxacin to achieve similar efficacy, but potentially with an improved toxicity profile.
Levofloxacin is effective against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Levofloxacin works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an enzyme that negatively supercoils DNA. Because of its broad spectrum of action, levofloxacin is frequently prescribed empirically for a wide range of infections (e.g.pneumonia, urinary tract infection) before the specific causal organism is known.
Levofloxacin is rapidly and essentially completely absorbed after oral administration. It is excreted largely as unchanged in urine. Oral administration with food slightly prolongs the time to peak concentration and therefore can be administrated without regard to food .
Levofloxacin is widely prescribed for respiratory tract infections, complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections, complicated and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, MDR-TB, nosocomial and community acquired pneumonia. The usual dosage is 500mg orally every 24 hours taken during meals or between meals.
ADENOSYLCOBALAMIN is the only form of vitamin b12 which is totally safe for all age group. Also it's safety profile is established during pregnancy. Adenosylcobalamin repairs nerve cells by acting on homocystein getting methionin the repairing substance of myelin sheath in damaged nerve cells.
Adenosy cobalmin converts methyl malonic acid co enzyme into succinyl co acid thus saving human cells and tissues organs from further damage. In pregnant women it reduces the chances of miscourage and habitual abortion.
Adenosylcobalamin corrects anorexia and sleep wake rhythm thus removing latent fatigue and increases productivity of person. It also corrects liver inflammation, removes toxins and is highly helpful in hepatitis-a. It also helps overcome depression and anxiety. During pregnancy Adenosylcobalamin increases appetite in natural way and forms healthy body and nerve tissues to deliver healthy and intelligent child.
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